Type Casting in Python

Type casting is used to specify the type of a variable. Type casting is also the process of converting a variable from one data type to another. Sometimes, you may want to explicitly define the data type of a variable, and type casting comes in handy. As Python is an object-oriented programming (OOP) language, it has built-in classes to define the data type of variables. You can use the constructor functions of these classes for type casting, which can help you convert a variable from one data type to another.

Let’s look at these functions with examples:

1. str() function

    This function is used to create a string. If we use this on an integer or float value, that will also be converted to a string

Example 1: 

Suppose we want to create a variable S which will be a string:

S = str("This is a String")
print(S)
print(type(S))

Output: 
This is a String
<class 'str'>

So, here str() function is used to construct a string.

Similarly, 

Example 2: 

strg = str(2)
print(strg )
print(type(strg))

Output:
2
<class 'str'> 

Here, str(2) creating a string like : ‘2’, as you can see the class of strg is string.

Example 3: 

x = str(3.2)
print(x)
print(type(x))

Output: 
3.2
<class 'str'>

1. int() function

This function is used to create an integer value. 

Example:

a = int(1)
print(a)

Output:
1

If we use this function on float value, everything after the point will be eliminated.

Example: 

b = int(6.99999)
print(b)

Output:
6

If we want to apply int() function on string value, the string need to be a string of numbers.

Example:

c = int('3')
d = int('30000000')
print(c)
print(d)

Output:
3
30000000

 3. float() function

This function is used to create a float value. 

Example:

f = float(1.1)

Output:
1.1

If we apply this function on an integer value, it will be converted to a float value by adding an extra .0 after the main value

Example: 

f1 = float(1)

Output:
1.0

If we want to apply float() function on string value, the string need to be a string of numbers.

Example: 

f2 = float('2')
Output:
2.0